The wrist is a highly intricate and flexible joint comprising eight carpal bones arranged in two rows: the proximal row includes the scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform, while the distal row contains the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. The scaphoid and lunate articulate with the distal ends of the radius ulna, to form the radiocarpal joints.Wrist joint allows for a wide range of motion including flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation, and circumduction. The stability of the wrist is maintained by an intricate network of ligaments, including the radiocarpal, ulnocarpal, and intercarpal ligaments, as well as the flexor and extensor retinacula. Additionally, the wrist houses crucial tendons, nerves, and blood vessels that facilitate hand movements and sensory functions, making it essential for fine motor skills and daily activities.
Wrist sonoanatomy entails the detailed ultrasound examination of the wrist’s complex structures, leveraging high-resolution imaging to visualize the carpal bones, ligaments, tendons, and neurovascular components. This diagnostic modality enables real-time assessment of critical anatomical elements such as the extensor and flexor tendons, the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC), and the contents of the carpal tunnel, including the median nerve. Ultrasound is particularly efficacious for diagnosing pathologies like tendonitis, ligamentous injuries, ganglion cysts, and nerve entrapments, offering a dynamic and comprehensive evaluation of the wrist’s intricate anatomy.
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