The leg, located between the knee and ankle, contains essential structures that support movement and balance. It is divided into three compartments: the anterior (dorsiflexors), lateral (everters), and posterior (plantarflexors). Key muscles include the tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius, and soleus, which play a major role in ankle and foot movements. Nerves like the tibial, common peroneal, and deep peroneal nerves control muscle function and sensation in the leg and foot. Blood supply to the leg is primarily through the anterior and posterior tibial arteries. Understanding leg anatomy is important for diagnosing injuries, managing conditions, and guiding treatments.
The sonoanatomy of the leg provides excellent imaging of muscles, tendons, nerves, and vessels. Muscles such as the gastrocnemius, soleus, and tibialis anterior appear as hypoechoic tissues with echogenic layers of fascia, and their tendons can be clearly seen as bright, linear structures extending toward the ankle and foot. Dynamic ultrasound can evaluate tendon movement and integrity during muscle contraction. Nerves, including the tibial and common peroneal nerves, maintain their characteristic “honeycomb” appearance, allowing for easy differentiation from surrounding structures. Blood vessels, including the anterior and posterior tibial arteries, appear as anechoic tubes, with arteries showing pulsatile flow and veins being compressible. Ultrasound of the leg is invaluable for assessing conditions such as muscle tears, tendonitis, nerve compressions, and vascular problems, providing a real-time, non-invasive imaging method.
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