The knee is a complex hinge joint crucial for weight-bearing and mobility, formed by the articulation of the femur, tibia, and patella. Its stability is provided by key ligaments, including the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), medial collateral ligament (MCL), and lateral collateral ligament (LCL). The knee also contains menisci—medial and lateral—which act as shock absorbers and enhance joint stability. Surrounding muscles, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, facilitate movement and support. Additionally, the knee is enveloped by a synovial membrane and joint capsule, providing lubrication and protection. This intricate anatomy ensures the knee’s pivotal role in movement and load-bearing activities.
Knee sonoanatomy entails the use of high-resolution ultrasound to comprehensively assess the intricate structures within and surrounding the knee joint. This imaging technique allows for precise visualization ligaments such as MCL, and LCL.It also facilitates dynamic evaluation of the synovial membrane, joint capsule, and adjacent tendons such as the quadriceps and patellar tendons. Ultrasound plays a crucial role in diagnosing a spectrum of conditions including ligament tears, tendonitis, bursitis, and meniscal injuries, providing real-time anatomical detail essential for accurate clinical evaluation and treatment planning.
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