Arm

The anatomy of the arm is composed of muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that work together to facilitate movement and provide vital functions. The arm’s muscles are divided into two main compartments: the anterior (flexor) and posterior (extensor) compartments. Key muscles include the biceps brachii, which is responsible for flexing the elbow, and the triceps brachii, which extends the elbow. Other important muscles in the arm include the brachialis, brachioradialis, and the deltoid, which covers the shoulder. Nerves of the arm come from the brachial plexus, a network of nerves that extends from the neck. The major nerves include the median, ulnar, and radial nerves, each of which controls sensation and movement in different parts of the arm, hand, and fingers. Blood supply to the arm is primarily provided by the brachial artery, a continuation of the axillary artery, which branches into the radial and ulnar arteries as it travels down the forearm. These vessels ensure proper circulation to the arm’s muscles and tissues, while veins such as the cephalic and basilic veins handle blood return. Understanding the anatomy of arm muscles, nerves, and vessels is crucial for recognizing how they coordinate to allow for complex movements and maintain proper function in the upper limb.

Ultrasound is invaluable in arm scanning for guiding procedures such as injections and identifying pathologies like muscle tears, nerve entrapments, or vascular issues. Mastering the sonoanatomy of the arm allows for precise, non-invasive assessment of these vital structures.