The ankle is a complex joint connecting the lower leg bones (tibia and fibula) with the foot’s talus bone. It functions as a hinge joint primarily allowing for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion movements, crucial for walking, running, and balance. Surrounding the joint, strong ligaments such as the anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments provide stability against excessive inversion and eversion movements. The joint is further supported by tendons of the muscles that control ankle movement, including the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscles to the heel bone. Additionally, the ankle joint is richly innervated by nerves from the tibial, fibular, and sural nerve branches, ensuring both sensory perception and motor function. This intricate anatomy enables the ankle to withstand significant forces while maintaining flexibility and stability during various activities.
Sonoanatomy of the ankle involves utilizing ultrasound to visualize and assess the intricate structures surrounding the joint. High-resolution ultrasound imaging allows for detailed examination of the bones (tibia, fibula, and talus), ligaments (such as the anterior talofibular, posterior talofibular, and calcaneofibular ligaments), tendons (including the Achilles tendon and peroneal tendons), and surrounding soft tissues. This diagnostic modality provides real-time, dynamic evaluation, aiding in the detection and characterization of conditions such as ligament injuries, tendonitis, joint effusions, and cysts. By offering clear visualization and precise localization of anatomical landmarks and pathological changes, ultrasound plays a crucial role in guiding accurate diagnoses and appropriate treatment strategies for ankle-related disorders.
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